The PON1 is exclusively associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and its antioxidant activity is largely attributed to PON1 located on it.At present, PON1 status i.e. its activity and concentration, is considered to be more important than polymorphism alone, in prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Significant correlations between diabetes mellitus and paraoxonase activity (<i>R =</i> ⁻0.264, <i>p =</i> 0.026) and between the premature coronary heart disease in family history and PON1 activity (<i>R =</i> ⁻0.293, <i>p =</i> 0.013) were found.
A common polymorphism of the PON1 gene, the PON1-192 genetic polymorphism, modulates PON1 activity and has been related in some studies to coronary heart disease.
Furthermore, a Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) analysis indicated that a PON1 activity cut-off point of 330 U/L could predict CAD with a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 65%.
It is a very important observation, however, because genetic influences are not likely to be confounded by other factors linked with both coronary heart disease and diminished paraoxonase 1 activity.
High PON1 activity connected with the presence of CC and CT genotypes decreases the recurrence of symptoms of coronary heart disease and improve prognosis after CABG.
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), a HDL-associated enzyme, showed a reduced activity in HDL isolated from CAD and ACS patients as compared to the controls (P<0.001).
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is also anti-atherosclerotic due to HDL associated paraoxonase-1 serum enzyme, which prevents LDL oxidative modifications and the development of CAD.
We found an increased Hcy level in CAD patients compared to the control group (15.86+/-8.63 vs. 11.9+/-3.25 micromol/L respectively, P<0.001), and a decrease in PON1 activity in CAD patients as compared to the control group (117+/-56 vs. 181+/-73 U/mL respectively, P<0.001).
We aimed to systematically investigate the role of genetic variations and DNA methylation of the PON1 CpG island promoter on the clinical outcomes of dual antiplatelet therapy for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
As studies are lacking in North-West Indian Punjabi's, a distinct ethnic group with high incidence of CAD, we determined PON1 activity, genotypes and haplotypes in this population and correlated them with the risk of CAD.
This review is focused on the role of PON1 status in different atherosclerosis-related diseases that we have studied over the last twenty years (coronary heart disease, acute ischemic stroke, diabetes mellitus type 2, end-stage renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and sarcoidosis) with the aim to determine the true value of PON1 as a biomarker.
PON1 and PON2 have attracted considerable attention as candidate genes for coronary heart disease because their enzymes function as key factors in lipoprotein catabolism pathways.
In the past few years, the Paraoxonase multigene family (<i>PON1, PON2, PON3</i>) has been shown to play an important role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders including coronary artery disease (CAD).
We illustrate the proposed method through three meta-analyses for comparison of prostate cancer treatment, for the association between paraoxonase 1 activities and coronary heart disease, and for the association between homocysteine level and coronary heart disease.
The links between PON1 and Hcy in relation to pathological states such as coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetic mellitus, kidney failure and Alzheimer's disease that emerge from recent studies are the topics of this review.